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Modern evolution of Esperanto
Esperanto has been remarkably stable since its creation compared to other planned languages. This is due to the Declaration of Boulogne in 1905, which made the early works of Zamenhof binding; most attempts at change have been therefore seen as distinct language projects (so-called esperantidos), and in the main the Esperanto community has ignored them. The main change in the language has been a great expansion of the vocabulary, largely driven by translations of technical jargon, which is explicitly allowed for by Boulogne. However, there have been more subtle changes to syntax and semantics as the majority of Esperanto authors shifted from native speakers of Slavic and German to other languages, such as French and English. See History of Esperanto#Evolution of the language. This article considers some of the purposeful changes to the language since Boulogne.
==Lexicon==
There has been considerable debate over whether technical terminology should be taken from international usage by adopting new roots into Esperanto, or whether, in cases where the need can be met through traditional Esperanto word formation, that is the better way to go. To a large extent this is a cultural debate: Europeans who are already familiar with such "international" vocabulary often favor adopting such terms, whereas Asians who may not be familiar with them often favor replacing them. One example is the word for "computer". Early proposals for the word "computer" included ''komputero'' and ''komputoro,'' but they were eventually replaced by the internal creation ''komputilo,'' from the verb ''komputi'' "to compute" plus the suffix ''-ilo'' "instrument".
There has been some criticism of using the prefix ''mal-'' to create the antonyms of common adjectives, such as ''mallonga'' "short" from ''longa'' "long", or ''malmultekosta'' "inexpensive" from ''multekosta'' "expensive". Several dozen neologisms have been coined for these antonyms (in these cases ''kurta'' "short" and ''ĉipa'' "cheap"), often for purposes of poetry, but few have met with much acceptance. One of the few that have been is ''dura'' "hard", as the original word ''malmola,'' from ''mola'' "soft", is argued to sound too soft to mean "hard". In one case an antonymic suffix has been proposed, a laudatory ''-el-,'' which would contrast with pejorative ''-aĉ-: skribo'' "writing", ''skribaĉo'' "scrawl, scribbling", ''skribelo'' "calligraphy". Unlike ''aĉa,'' it is problematic to use the suffix ''-el-'' as a word in its own right, due to an existing preposition and prefix ''el.'' An alternative proposed to this is ''-uĵ-.''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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